Eficiencia de plantación de Ricinus communis en recuperación de suelos degradados por residuos sólidos del botadero municipal de Moyobamba
Date
2023-04-05
Authors
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Publisher
Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Fondo Editorial
Abstract
Eficiencia de plantación de Ricinus communis en recuperación de suelos degradados por residuos sólidos del botadero municipal de Moyobamba.
La investigación se realizó en el distrito de Moyobamba, en el relleno sanitario ubicado a 5,10 km. de la ciudad de Moyobamba, en el sector Tunchiyacu, con un área de 5,6 Ha, donde se depositan 45,55 Ton/día aproximadamente de residuos sólidos, se realiza la valorización y reciclaje y la elaboración de compost. En los alrededores permanecen los suelos contaminados por más de 14 años que fueron utilizados como botadero municipal. En ese contexto surgió la investigación cuyo objetivo general fue determinar la eficiencia de plantación de Ricinus communis L en la recuperación de suelos degradados por residuos sólidos del botadero municipal de Moyobamba. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el laboratorio de suelos agrícolas - estación experimental de Nueva Cajamarca. En cuanto a los parámetros físicos del suelo se concluye que antes de iniciar el experimento, el 60.97 % del suelo era de tipo arenoso, disminuyendo dicho porcentaje a 46.55% al finalizar el experimento; el suelo arcilloso de 14.59% se incrementó a 30.53% después del experimento. Respecto a los parámetros químicos, el pH del suelo se mantuvo alcalino a lo largo de la investigación; se evidenció un incremento significativo en la capacidad de intercambio catiónico, de 7.44 a 19.45 meq/100 gr de suelo; el porcentaje de Nitrógeno no presentó modificaciones significativas; el Potasio se incrementó de 70.20 ppm a 133.4 ppm; el Fósforo se incrementó de 14.60 ppm a 18.63 ppm; el Magnesio se incrementó de 0.88 a 2.37 meq/100 gr de suelo. En cuanto a las características biométricas de las plantas, se evidenció que a los 13 días de siembra germinaron el 59% de las plantas; la altura, longitud de hoja y diámetro del tallo se evaluaron a los 30, 60, 90, 120 y 150 días después de la germinación, evidenciándose que a los 150 días la altura de las plantas del grupo experimental fue 1.90 m mientras que el grupo control 1.49 m; el número de hojas de las plantas del grupo experimental fue 29 mientras que el grupo control 24; la longitud de las hojas de las plantas del grupo experimental fue 15.3 cm mientras que el grupo control 12 cm. El número de racimos por planta, en el grupo experimental se registró un promedio de 12 mientras que el grupo control 7; el número de frutos promedio en el grupo experimental fue 37 mientras que en el grupo control fue 24. Todas estas conclusiones demuestran que en el grupo experimental las plantas fueron más robustas que en el grupo control, debido principalmente a los nutrientes en el suelo.
Efficiency of planting Ricinus communis in the recovery of soils degraded by solid waste from the municipal dump of Moyobamba. The present research was carried out in the district of Moyobamba, in the sanitary landfill located 5.10 km from the center of the city of Moyobamba, in the Tunchiyacu sector. The landfill has an area of 5.6 ha, where approximately 45.55 tons/day of solid waste are deposited, and where recovery, recycling and composting are carried out. The surrounding area still has soils that have been contaminated for more than 14 years and were used as a municipal dump. The general objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of planting Ricinus communis L in the recovery of soils degraded by solid waste from the municipal dump of Moyobamba. The period of execution was from January to August 2022 and samples were collected on January 17 (retreatment), May 5, June 16 and August 11. The samples were processed at the agricultural soil laboratory - Nueva Cajamarca experimental station. The samples were processed in the agricultural soils laboratory - Nueva Cajamarca experimental station. Regarding the physical parameters of the soil, it was concluded that before starting the experiment, 60.97% of the soil was sandy, decreasing to 46.55% at the end of the experiment; the clayey soil of 14.59% increased to 30.53% after the experiment. In term of chemical parameters, soil pH remained alkaline throughout the research; a significant increase in cation exchange capacity was evidenced, from 7.44 to 19.45 meq/100 g of soil; the percentage of nitrogen did not present significant modifications; potassium increased from 70.20 ppm to 133.4 ppm; phosphorus increased from 14.60 ppm to 18.63 ppm; magnesium increased from 0.88 to 2.37 meq/100 g of soil. Concerning the biometric characteristics of the plants, it was evidenced that at 13 days after sowing 59% of the plants germinated; the height, leaf length and stem diameter were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 90, 120 and 150 days after germination, evidencing that at 150 days the height of the plants of the experimental group was 1. 90 m while the control group was 1.49 m; the number of leaves of the plants of the experimental group was 29 while the control group was 24; the length of the leaves of the plants of the experimental group was 15.3 cm while the control group was 12 cm. As for the number of clusters per plant, the experimental group had an average of 12 while the control group had 7; the average number of fruits in the experimental group was 37 while it was 24 in the control group. All these findings show that in the experimental group the plants were more robust than in the control group, mainly due to the nutrients in the soil.
Efficiency of planting Ricinus communis in the recovery of soils degraded by solid waste from the municipal dump of Moyobamba. The present research was carried out in the district of Moyobamba, in the sanitary landfill located 5.10 km from the center of the city of Moyobamba, in the Tunchiyacu sector. The landfill has an area of 5.6 ha, where approximately 45.55 tons/day of solid waste are deposited, and where recovery, recycling and composting are carried out. The surrounding area still has soils that have been contaminated for more than 14 years and were used as a municipal dump. The general objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of planting Ricinus communis L in the recovery of soils degraded by solid waste from the municipal dump of Moyobamba. The period of execution was from January to August 2022 and samples were collected on January 17 (retreatment), May 5, June 16 and August 11. The samples were processed at the agricultural soil laboratory - Nueva Cajamarca experimental station. The samples were processed in the agricultural soils laboratory - Nueva Cajamarca experimental station. Regarding the physical parameters of the soil, it was concluded that before starting the experiment, 60.97% of the soil was sandy, decreasing to 46.55% at the end of the experiment; the clayey soil of 14.59% increased to 30.53% after the experiment. In term of chemical parameters, soil pH remained alkaline throughout the research; a significant increase in cation exchange capacity was evidenced, from 7.44 to 19.45 meq/100 g of soil; the percentage of nitrogen did not present significant modifications; potassium increased from 70.20 ppm to 133.4 ppm; phosphorus increased from 14.60 ppm to 18.63 ppm; magnesium increased from 0.88 to 2.37 meq/100 g of soil. Concerning the biometric characteristics of the plants, it was evidenced that at 13 days after sowing 59% of the plants germinated; the height, leaf length and stem diameter were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 90, 120 and 150 days after germination, evidencing that at 150 days the height of the plants of the experimental group was 1. 90 m while the control group was 1.49 m; the number of leaves of the plants of the experimental group was 29 while the control group was 24; the length of the leaves of the plants of the experimental group was 15.3 cm while the control group was 12 cm. As for the number of clusters per plant, the experimental group had an average of 12 while the control group had 7; the average number of fruits in the experimental group was 37 while it was 24 in the control group. All these findings show that in the experimental group the plants were more robust than in the control group, mainly due to the nutrients in the soil.
Description
Keywords
Contaminación, Fitorremediación, Recuperación, Residuos sólidos, Suelo degradado
Citation
Cruz-Carranza, G. J. (2023). Eficiencia de filtro biológico en la remoción de demanda química y bioquímica de oxígeno de las aguas residuales municipales – Moyobamba.Tesis para optar el grado de académico de Maestro en Ciencias con mención en Gestión Ambiental. Facultad de Ecología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Tarapoto, Perú.