Evaluación superficial del pavimento de la carretera, Nueva Cajamarca - Yuracyacu, mediante los métodos de PCI e IRI
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Date
2025-05-09
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Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Fondo Editorial
Abstract
Evaluación superficial del pavimento en la carretera Nueva Cajamarca - Yuracyacu, mediante los métodos de PCI e IRI.
La presente investigación se realizó con la finalidad de evaluar de manera superficial el pavimento de la carretera Nueva Cajamarca - Yuracyacu, aplicando los métodos del Índice de Condición de Pavimentos (PCI) y el Índice Internacional de Rugosidad (IRI) para determinar el grado de serviciabilidad y definir las intervenciones necesarias para esta vía departamental. La zona de estudio abarcó la vía SM 113 desde el Km 0+000 (Emp. PE-5N) hasta el Km 9+000 (Dv. Yuracyacu). Se observó un incremento en el tráfico vehicular respecto a las proyecciones previas, con un Índice Medio Diario Anual (IMDA) de 546 vehículos en el tramo Nueva Cajamarca - Ucrania y de 510 vehículos en el tramo Ucrania - Yuracyacu. Los vehículos ligeros representaron el 83.56 % del tránsito, mientras que la mayor afluencia se registró durante los fines de semana, alcanzando un promedio superior al 40 % comparado con los días de lunes a viernes. La investigación se desarrolló en el periodo de junio a noviembre de 2024, mediante un enfoque experimental basado en normas internacionales para evaluar la rugosidad y el estado estructural del pavimento. El procedimiento de evaluación incluyó la aplicación del método PCI para clasificar la vía según su condición y detectar fallas estructurales superficiales. Los resultados indicaron sectores en estado avanzado de deterioro, algunos sin pavimento visible, con calificaciones PCI bajas que podrían atribuirse a la alta carga vehicular y a la calidad de los materiales empleados en la construcción. Se encontraron 11 de 19 fallas posibles para el estudio PCI, las más frecuentes fueron grietas bordes, huecos, grietas, desprendimiento de agregados y parcheos, así como fallas de escala y descascaramiento de la junta en pavimentos rígidos. En cuanto al IRI, el Índice de Serviciabilidad Presente (PSI) arrojó un resultado de 2.47 en el carril izquierdo y 2.70 en el derecho, calificando el estado del pavimento como "Regular", con alta probabilidad de deterioro progresivo debido a los más de siete años de uso continuo de la carretera. La coherencia entre los métodos PCI e IRI permitió identificar de manera precisa las zonas prioritarias de intervención, proponiéndose técnicas de mantenimiento como parcheo, sellados y tratamientos superficiales, además de la necesidad de rehabilitación completa en algunos tramos. En conclusión, la aplicación de los métodos PCI e IRI proporciona una evaluación detallada y precisa del estado del pavimento, identificando tanto las fallas estructurales como el nivel de confort y seguridad percibidos por el usuario. Esto respalda su utilidad para el diagnóstico y selección de las técnicas de intervención adecuadas en esta vía. Además, el incremento del flujo vehicular con respecto a las proyecciones previas resalta la importancia de adecuar el mantenimiento de la carretera a las demandas actuales, garantizando su funcionalidad en el mediano y largo plazo.
Surface evaluation of the pavement on the Nueva Cajamarca - Yuracyacu highway, using PCI and IRI methods. The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of evaluating in a superficial way the pavement of the Nueva Cajamarca - Yuracyacu road, applying the methods of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and the International Roughness Index (IRI) to determine the degree of serviceability and to define the necessary interventions for this departmental road. The study area covered the SM 113 road from Km 0+000 (Emp. PE-5N) to Km 9+000 (Dv. Yuracyacu). An increase in vehicular traffic was observed with respect to previous projections, with an Annual Average Daily Index (AADI) of 546 vehicles on the Nueva Cajamarca - Ucrania section and 510 vehicles on the Ucrania -Yuracyacu section. Light vehicles accounted for 83.56% of the traffic, while the highest vehicle flow was recorded on weekends, reaching an average of over 40% comparedto Monday to Friday. The investigation was carried out from June to November 2024, using an experimental approach based on international standards to evaluate pavement roughness and structural condition. The evaluation procedure included the application of the PCI method to classify the roadway according to its condition and to detect surface structural failures. The results indicated sectors in an advanced state of deterioration, some with no visible pavement, with low PCI classifications that could be attributed to the high vehicular load and the quality of the materials used in construction. For the PCI study, 11 of 19 possible failures were found, the most frequent being edge cracks, voids, cracks, aggregate spalling and patching, as well as flaking failures and joint spalling in rigid pavements. As for the IRI, the Current Serviceability Index (PSI) yielded a result of 2.47 in the left lane and 2.70 in the right lane, qualifying the pavement condition as “Fair”, with a high probability of progressive deterioration due to more than seven years of continuous use of the road. The consistency between the PCI and IRI methods allowed us to accurately identify priority areas for intervention, proposing maintenance techniques such as patching, sealing and surface treatments, in addition to the need for complete rehabilitation in some sections. In conclusion, the application of the PCI and IRI methods provides a detailed and accurate assessment of pavement condition, identifying both structural failures and the level of comfort and safety perceived by the user. This supports their usefulness for the diagnosis and selection of appropriate intervention techniques on this road. In addition, the increase in the flow of vehicles compared to previous projections highlights the importance of adapting the maintenance of the road to current demands, guaranteeing its functionality in the medium and long term.
Surface evaluation of the pavement on the Nueva Cajamarca - Yuracyacu highway, using PCI and IRI methods. The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of evaluating in a superficial way the pavement of the Nueva Cajamarca - Yuracyacu road, applying the methods of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and the International Roughness Index (IRI) to determine the degree of serviceability and to define the necessary interventions for this departmental road. The study area covered the SM 113 road from Km 0+000 (Emp. PE-5N) to Km 9+000 (Dv. Yuracyacu). An increase in vehicular traffic was observed with respect to previous projections, with an Annual Average Daily Index (AADI) of 546 vehicles on the Nueva Cajamarca - Ucrania section and 510 vehicles on the Ucrania -Yuracyacu section. Light vehicles accounted for 83.56% of the traffic, while the highest vehicle flow was recorded on weekends, reaching an average of over 40% comparedto Monday to Friday. The investigation was carried out from June to November 2024, using an experimental approach based on international standards to evaluate pavement roughness and structural condition. The evaluation procedure included the application of the PCI method to classify the roadway according to its condition and to detect surface structural failures. The results indicated sectors in an advanced state of deterioration, some with no visible pavement, with low PCI classifications that could be attributed to the high vehicular load and the quality of the materials used in construction. For the PCI study, 11 of 19 possible failures were found, the most frequent being edge cracks, voids, cracks, aggregate spalling and patching, as well as flaking failures and joint spalling in rigid pavements. As for the IRI, the Current Serviceability Index (PSI) yielded a result of 2.47 in the left lane and 2.70 in the right lane, qualifying the pavement condition as “Fair”, with a high probability of progressive deterioration due to more than seven years of continuous use of the road. The consistency between the PCI and IRI methods allowed us to accurately identify priority areas for intervention, proposing maintenance techniques such as patching, sealing and surface treatments, in addition to the need for complete rehabilitation in some sections. In conclusion, the application of the PCI and IRI methods provides a detailed and accurate assessment of pavement condition, identifying both structural failures and the level of comfort and safety perceived by the user. This supports their usefulness for the diagnosis and selection of appropriate intervention techniques on this road. In addition, the increase in the flow of vehicles compared to previous projections highlights the importance of adapting the maintenance of the road to current demands, guaranteeing its functionality in the medium and long term.
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Keywords
Condición estructural, Deterioro vial, Índice de rugosidad, Tránsito vehicular, Intervención vial
Citation
Espinoza-Sánchez, A. E.(2025). Evaluación superficial del pavimento de la carretera, Nueva Cajamarca - Yuracyacu, mediante los métodos de PC e IRI.Tesis para optar el grado de Ingeniero Civil. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Tarapoto, Perú.