Relación entre las condiciones socioeconómicas y la huella de carbono generado por consumo eléctrico, Nueva Cajamarca, Rioja
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Date
2024-11-20
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Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Fondo Editorial
Abstract
Relación entre las condiciones socioeconómicas y la huella de carbono generado por consumo eléctrico, Nueva Cajamarca, Rioja
En las ciudades, el sector energético es uno de los principales sectores que contribuye a la generación de huella de carbono (HdC), muchas veces los hogares consumen más o menos energía de acuerdo a sus condiciones económicas, lo cual repercute en la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) y contribuye en el calentamiento global. El objetivo general del estudio fue “Determinar si existe relación entre las condiciones socioeconómicas y la huella de carbono generado por consumo eléctrico, Nueva Cajamarca, Rioja”. El proyecto se realizó en el ámbito urbano de la ciudad de Nueva Cajamarca, de la provincia de Rioja. La población estuvo conformada por 17 656 viviendas del sector urbano (proyección al 2023) y la muestra 376 viviendas. Se realizó la evaluación de las condiciones socioeconómicas de las viviendas del ámbito urbano de la ciudad de Nueva Cajamarca, aplicando un cuestionario a los jefes de los hogares; asimismo, utilizando una ficha de recolección de datos se registraron datos de consumo de energía eléctrica durante todo el año 2023, valores que fueron multiplicados por el factor de emisión (0,20055 tCO2 eq/MWh) del “Sistema Eléctrico de Interconectado Nacional (SEIN)” correspondiente al año 2022, a fin de estimar la huella de carbono; finalmente, se evaluó la relación entre las variables de estudio aplicando la prueba de correlación Rho de Spearman al 0,05 de significancia en el programa IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Se determinó que en mayor proporción los hogares tienen un nivel socioeconómico bajo inferior (38,8 %), donde los jefes de hogares tienen principalmente primaria y secundaria completa/incompleta, los pisos y paredes de las viviendas son de cemento y ladrillos, respectivamente, y el 79,8 % de hogares tienen un ingreso mensual familiar menor de S/. 1 200,0; asimismo, se determinó un consumo de energía eléctrica promedio de 0,0398 MWh/vivienda*mes y 0,4770 MWh/vivienda*año, lo que produce una emisión de 0,0080 tCO2 eq/vivienda*mes y 0,0957 tCO2 eq/vivienda*año, y en todo el ámbito urbano el consumo eléctrico genera 140,76 tCO2 eq/mes y 1 689,10 tCO2 eq/año, la HdC emitida difiere según sectores y meses, con mayores concentraciones producidas en noviembre y diciembre; por último, viviendas con condiciones socioeconómicas más bajas emiten niveles de HdC muy bajos y bajos, además, las condiciones socioeconómicas y el número de artefactos usados en las viviendas inciden en la emisión de HdC. Se concluye que existe una relación positiva media entre las condiciones socioeconómicas de las viviendas y la huella de carbono mensual y anual generado por consumo eléctrico.
Relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the carbon footprint generated by electricity consumption, Nueva Cajamarca, Rioja In cities, the energy sector is one of the main sectors that contributes to the generation of carbon footprint (CF), often households consume more or less energy according to their economic conditions, which has an impact on the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and contributes to global warming. The general objective of the study was “To determine if there is a relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the carbon footprint generated by electricity consumption, Nueva Cajamarca, Rioja”. The project was carried out in the urban area of the city of Nueva Cajamarca, in the province of Rioja. The population consisted of 17,656 dwellings in the urban sector (projection to 2023) and the sample consisted of 376 dwellings. The socioeconomic conditions of the dwellings in the urban area of the city of Nueva Cajamarca were evaluated by applying a questionnaire to the heads of households; Likewise, using a data collection form, electricity consumption data was recorded for the entire year 2023, values that were multiplied by the emission factor (0.20055 tCO2 eq/MWh) of the “Sistema Eléctrico de Interconectado Nacional (SEIN)” corresponding to the year 2022, in order to estimate the carbon footprint; finally, the relationship between the study variables was evaluated by applying the Spearman's Rho correlation test at 0.05 significance in the IBM SPSS Statistics 27 program. It was determined that a greater proportion of households have a lower socioeconomic level (38.8 %), where the heads of households have mainly primary and secondary completed/incomplete, the floors and walls of the houses are made of cement and bricks, respectively, and 79.8 % of households have a monthly family income of less than S/. 1 200,0; In addition, an average electricity consumption of 0.0398 MWh/dwelling*month and 0.4770 MWh/dwelling*year was determined, which produces an emission of 0.0080 tCO2 eq/dwelling*month and 0.0957 tCO2 eq/dwelling*year, and in the entire urban area, electricity consumption generates 140.76 tCO2 eq/month and 1,689.10 tCO2 eq/year, the HdC emitted differs according to sectors and months, with higher concentrations produced in November and December; finally, homes with lower socioeconomic conditions emit very low and low levels of HdC, in addition, socioeconomic conditions and the number of appliances used in the homes have an impact on the emission of HdC. It is concluded that there is a positive average relationship between the socioeconomic conditions of the dwellings and the monthly and annual carbon footprint generated by electricity consumption.
Relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the carbon footprint generated by electricity consumption, Nueva Cajamarca, Rioja In cities, the energy sector is one of the main sectors that contributes to the generation of carbon footprint (CF), often households consume more or less energy according to their economic conditions, which has an impact on the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and contributes to global warming. The general objective of the study was “To determine if there is a relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the carbon footprint generated by electricity consumption, Nueva Cajamarca, Rioja”. The project was carried out in the urban area of the city of Nueva Cajamarca, in the province of Rioja. The population consisted of 17,656 dwellings in the urban sector (projection to 2023) and the sample consisted of 376 dwellings. The socioeconomic conditions of the dwellings in the urban area of the city of Nueva Cajamarca were evaluated by applying a questionnaire to the heads of households; Likewise, using a data collection form, electricity consumption data was recorded for the entire year 2023, values that were multiplied by the emission factor (0.20055 tCO2 eq/MWh) of the “Sistema Eléctrico de Interconectado Nacional (SEIN)” corresponding to the year 2022, in order to estimate the carbon footprint; finally, the relationship between the study variables was evaluated by applying the Spearman's Rho correlation test at 0.05 significance in the IBM SPSS Statistics 27 program. It was determined that a greater proportion of households have a lower socioeconomic level (38.8 %), where the heads of households have mainly primary and secondary completed/incomplete, the floors and walls of the houses are made of cement and bricks, respectively, and 79.8 % of households have a monthly family income of less than S/. 1 200,0; In addition, an average electricity consumption of 0.0398 MWh/dwelling*month and 0.4770 MWh/dwelling*year was determined, which produces an emission of 0.0080 tCO2 eq/dwelling*month and 0.0957 tCO2 eq/dwelling*year, and in the entire urban area, electricity consumption generates 140.76 tCO2 eq/month and 1,689.10 tCO2 eq/year, the HdC emitted differs according to sectors and months, with higher concentrations produced in November and December; finally, homes with lower socioeconomic conditions emit very low and low levels of HdC, in addition, socioeconomic conditions and the number of appliances used in the homes have an impact on the emission of HdC. It is concluded that there is a positive average relationship between the socioeconomic conditions of the dwellings and the monthly and annual carbon footprint generated by electricity consumption.
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Keywords
Condiciones socioeconómicas, Consumo eléctrico, Huella de carbono
Citation
Hernandez-Esparraga, J. (2024). Relación entre las condiciones socioeconómicas y la huella de carbono generado por consumo eléctrico, Nueva Cajamarca, Rioja.Tesis para optar el título profesional de Ingeniero Ambiental. Facultad de Ecología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Tarapoto, Perú.