Características epidemiológicas y quirúrgicas en adultos sometidos a cirugía abdominal de emergencia en el Hospital II–1 Moyobamba, 2023
Date
2025-03-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Fondo Editorial
Abstract
Características epidemiológicas y quirúrgicas en adultos sometidos a cirugía abdominal de emergencia en el Hospital MINSA II - 1 Moyobamba, 2023.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una perspectiva más completa sobre los problemas quirúrgicos de emergencia abdominal más comunes, enfocándose en las características epidemiológicas, resultados preoperatorios y postoperatorios de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal de emergencia en el Hospital MINSA II-1 Moyobamba durante 2023. El propósito es generar datos relevantes que contribuyan a mejorar la atención quirúrgica en emergencias a nivel nacional. Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas y quirúrgicas en adultos sometidos a cirugía abdominal de emergencia en el Hospital MINSA II - 1 Moyobamba, 2023. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, diseño observacional y transversal. La muestra está conformada por 130 pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal de emergencia en el Hospital MINSA II-1 Moyobamba, durante el año 2023, y que cumplen con criterios de inclusión y exclusión ya establecidos. Una vez obtenidos los datos, se ingresó en Microsoft Excel para proceder con su depuración y tabulación. Luego, se exportó al software estadístico SPSS V24 para realizar los análisis inferenciales correspondientes. Por último, se mostró en forma de tablas. Resultados: La distribución de los pacientes por sexo muestra un 50% de hombres y un 50% de mujeres. La mayoría provienen de zonas urbanas (66,9%). El grupo de edad más afectado es el de adultos entre 30 y 59 años (59,2%). El 33,8 %, buscó atención médica el primer día de inicio de los síntomas. La clasificación ASA II (48,5%) predominó. Los diagnósticos preoperatorios comunes fueron la apendicitis aguda (71,6%), seguida de colecistitis (6,9 %;) y hernias abdominopélvicas con o sin obstrucción (10,1%). Como ayuda diagnóstica de imagen mas empleado empleó fue la ecografía (86,9 %). La gran parte de las intervenciones (51,5 %) fueron de corta duración, siendo comúnmente con un 56,2% las apendicectomias convencionales. Conclusión: La apendicitis aguda fue la patología más frecuente confirmada (73,7%), la mayoría de los pacientes (80,8%) no presentó comorbilidades. Las complicaciones postoperatorias fueron bajas, siendo frecuente la peritonitis (11,5%), y con un 1,5% los casos tanto de abscesos, obstrucción intestinal y el ingreso a UCI. No se registraron muertes. De los intervenidos, el 76,9% fueron dados de alta en menos de 4 días.
Epidemiological and surgical characteristics in adults undergoing emergency abdominal surgery at the Hospital MINSA II - 1 Moyobamba, 2023. This study aims to provide a more comprehensive perspective on the most common abdominal emergency surgical problems, focusing on the epidemiological characteristics, preoperative and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery at the MINSA II-1 Moyobamba Hospital during 2023. The purpose is to generate relevant data that will contribute to improve emergency surgical care at the national level. Objective: To determine the epidemiological and surgical characteristics of adults undergoing emergency abdominal surgery at the Hospital MINSA II - 1 Moyobamba, 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive study, observational and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 130 patients who underwent emergency abdominal surgery at the Hospital MINSA II-1 Moyobamba, during the year 2023, and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria already established. Once the data were obtained, they were entered into Microsoft Excel to proceed with their depuration and tabulation. Then, it was exported to SPSS V24 statistical software to perform the corresponding inferential analyses. Finally, it was displayed in tabular form. Results: The distribution of patients by sex shows 50% men and 50% women. The majority come from urban areas (66.9%). The most affected age group is adults between 30 and 59 years old (59.2%). Thirty-three point eight percent sought medical attention on the first day of symptom onset. ASA II classification (48.5%) predominated. Common preoperative diagnoses were acute appendicitis (71.6%), followed by cholecystitis (6.9%) and abdominopelvic hernias with or without obstruction (10.1%). The most commonly used diagnostic imaging aid was ultrasound (86.9 %). Most of the interventions (51.5 %) were of short duration, with conventional appendectomies being the most common (56.2 %). Conclusion: Acute appendicitis was the most frequent pathology confirmed (73.7%), most of the patients (80.8%) did not present comorbidities. Postoperative complications were low, with peritonitis being frequent (11.5%), and with 1.5% cases of abscesses, intestinal obstruction and admission to the ICU. No deaths were recorded. Of those who underwent surgery, 76.9% were discharged in less than 4 days.
Epidemiological and surgical characteristics in adults undergoing emergency abdominal surgery at the Hospital MINSA II - 1 Moyobamba, 2023. This study aims to provide a more comprehensive perspective on the most common abdominal emergency surgical problems, focusing on the epidemiological characteristics, preoperative and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery at the MINSA II-1 Moyobamba Hospital during 2023. The purpose is to generate relevant data that will contribute to improve emergency surgical care at the national level. Objective: To determine the epidemiological and surgical characteristics of adults undergoing emergency abdominal surgery at the Hospital MINSA II - 1 Moyobamba, 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive study, observational and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 130 patients who underwent emergency abdominal surgery at the Hospital MINSA II-1 Moyobamba, during the year 2023, and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria already established. Once the data were obtained, they were entered into Microsoft Excel to proceed with their depuration and tabulation. Then, it was exported to SPSS V24 statistical software to perform the corresponding inferential analyses. Finally, it was displayed in tabular form. Results: The distribution of patients by sex shows 50% men and 50% women. The majority come from urban areas (66.9%). The most affected age group is adults between 30 and 59 years old (59.2%). Thirty-three point eight percent sought medical attention on the first day of symptom onset. ASA II classification (48.5%) predominated. Common preoperative diagnoses were acute appendicitis (71.6%), followed by cholecystitis (6.9%) and abdominopelvic hernias with or without obstruction (10.1%). The most commonly used diagnostic imaging aid was ultrasound (86.9 %). Most of the interventions (51.5 %) were of short duration, with conventional appendectomies being the most common (56.2 %). Conclusion: Acute appendicitis was the most frequent pathology confirmed (73.7%), most of the patients (80.8%) did not present comorbidities. Postoperative complications were low, with peritonitis being frequent (11.5%), and with 1.5% cases of abscesses, intestinal obstruction and admission to the ICU. No deaths were recorded. Of those who underwent surgery, 76.9% were discharged in less than 4 days.
Description
Keywords
Cirugía abdominal, Características epidemiológicas, Emergencia quirúrgica, Complicaciones postoperatorias
Citation
Lizana-Becerra, D. C. (2025). Características epidemiológicas y quirúrgicas en adultos sometidos a cirugía abdominal de emergencia en el Hospital II–1 Moyobamba, 2023. Tesis para optar el título de Médico Cirujano. Facultad de Medicina Huamana, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Tarapoto, Perú.