Scopus

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 46

Soporte de ricinus communis (higuerilla) en el rendimiento de phaseolus vulgaris l. (frejol), en la región San Martín, Perú
(2020-01) Alvarado Ramírez, Jaime Walter; Guiñones Vásquez, Nelson Milciades; Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Fachín Ruiz, Grecia Vanessa; Koch Duarte, Christian; Reátegui Espinoza, Willy Richard; Dávila Tafur, Keisy; Vásquez Bardales, Joel
Se evaluó el soporte de las ramas de la higuerilla (Ricinus communis L.) en el rendimiento del frejol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variedad Huasca Poroto en las comunidades nativas de Alto Shamboyacu y Chunchiwi, región San Martín. Se utilizó el Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar, con cuatro tratamientos y tres bloques. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron: T0 (frejol con maíz, testigo), T1 (todas las ramas de higuerilla sin podar asociado con frejol), el T2 (higuerilla podada y la formación de dos ramas de higuerilla asociado con frejol) y T3 (higuerilla podada y la formación de tres ramas de higuerilla asociado con frejol). Las variables evaluadas en ambas comunidades fueron: área foliar (cm2), longitud de vaina (cm), número de vainas por planta, altura de planta (m), número de semillas por vaina, peso promedio de semillas (g), rendimiento (kg/ha-1) y análisis económico. En ambas comunidades, el tratamiento (T3) (higuerilla podada con tres ramas asociada con frejol), brindó mejor soporte al crecimiento del frejol, alcanzando mayor rendimiento y beneficio económico (p<0,05) con 1709,18 y 1367,37 kg /ha y con 0,22 y 0,03 B/C. Se demuestra que el soporte de la higuerilla con tres ramas proporciona mejor sostenibilidad e incrementa la producción del frejol; la asociación frejol e higuerilla hacen posible una mayor rentabilidad y mayores beneficios económicos para los pobladores de las zonas estudiadas.
GIS risk assessment and GAP analysis for the Andean titi monkey (Callicebus oenanthe)
(2013-02) Shanee, Sam; Tello Alvarado, Julio C.; Vermeer, Jan; Bóveda-Penalba, Antonio J.
We conducted a predictive GIS (Geographical Information System) analysis to create a realistic Habitat Suitability Model (HSM) and risk analysis throughout the distribution of the Andean titi monkey (Callicebus oenanthe) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the current protected area (PA) network. This was done to help current conservation work and aid in the planning and implementation of future initiatives. Little was known about this species until recently. Callicebus oenanthe is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is endemic to San Martín region, northeastern Peru. Our results show that the extent of habitat available for this species may be greater than previously thought but that habitat loss in the region is extremely high. GAP analysis indicates that the current protected area network is ineffective in protecting this species, and new reserve areas are urgently needed. We recommend further study into the species' ecology to better understand its needs and to aid in future conservation work.
Modeling Job Satisfaction of Peruvian Basic Education Teachers Using Machine Learning Techniques
(2023-03) Holgado-Apaza, Luis Alberto; Carpio-Vargas, Edgar E.; Calderon-Vilca, Hugo D.; Maquera-Ramirez, Joab; Ulloa-Gallardo, Nelly J.; Acosta-Navarrete, María Susana; Barrón-Adame, José Miguel; Quispe-Layme, Marleny; Hidalgo Pozzi, Rossana; Valles Coral, Miguel Angel
Teacher job satisfaction is an important aspect of academic performance, student retention, and teacher retention. We propose to determine the predictive model of job satisfaction of basic education teachers using machine learning techniques. The original data set consisted of 15,087 instances and 942 attributes from the national survey of teachers from public and private educational institutions of regular basic education (ENDO-2018) carried out by the Ministry of Education of Peru. We used the ANOVA F-test filter and the Chi-Square filter as feature selection techniques. In the modeling phase, the logistic regression algorithms, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, XGBoost and Decision Trees-CART were used. Among the algorithms evaluated, XGBoost and Random Forest stand out, obtaining similar results in 4 of the 8 metrics evaluated, these are: balanced accuracy of 74%, sensitivity of 74%, F1-Score of 0.48 and negative predictive value of 0.94. However, in terms of the area under the ROC curve, XGBoost scores 0.83, while Random Forest scores 0.82. These algorithms also obtain the highest true-positive values (479 instances) and lowest false-negative values (168 instances) in the confusion matrix. Economic income, satisfaction with life, self-esteem, teaching activity, relationship with the director, perception of living conditions, family relationships; health problems related to depression and satisfaction with the relationship with colleagues turned out to be the most important predictors of job satisfaction in basic education teachers.
Environmental, geographical and time-related impacts on avian malaria infections in native and introduced populations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), a globally invasive species
(2023-03) Ferraguti, Martina; Ferraguti, Martina; Jiménez-Peñuela, Jéssica; Martínez-de la Puente, Josué; Garcia-Longoria, Luz; Figuerola, Jordi; Muriel, Jaime; Albayrak, Tamer; Bensch, Staffan; Bonneaud, Camille; Clarke, Rohan H.; Czirják, Gábor Á.; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Espinoza, Kathya; Ewen, John G.; Ishtiaq, Farah; Flores-Saavedra, Wendy; Garamszegi, László Zsolt; Hellgren, Olof; Horakova, Dita; Huyvaert, Kathryn P.; Jensen, Henrik; Križanauskienė, Asta; Lima, Marcos R.; Lujan-Vega, Charlene; Magnussen, Eyðfinn; Martin, Lynn B.; Matson, Kevin D.; Møller, Anders Pape; Munclinger, Pavel; Palinauskas, Vaidas; Pap, Péter L.; Pérez-Tris, Javier; Renner, Swen C.; Ricklefs, Robert; Scebba, Sergio; Sehgal, Ravinder N. M.; Soler, Manuel; Szöllősi, Eszter; Valkiūnas, Gediminas; Westerdahl, Helena; Zehtindjiev, Pavel; Marzal, Alfonso
Aim: The increasing spread of vector-borne diseases has resulted in severe health concerns for humans, domestic animals and wildlife, with changes in land use and the introduction of invasive species being among the main possible causes for this increase. We explored several ecological drivers potentially affecting the local prevalence and richness of avian malaria parasite lineages in native and introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) populations. Location: Global. Time period: 2002–2019. Major taxa studied: Avian Plasmodium parasites in house sparrows. Methods: We analysed data from 2,220 samples from 69 localities across all continents, except Antarctica. The influence of environment (urbanization index and human density), geography (altitude, latitude, hemisphere) and time (bird breeding season and years since introduction) were analysed using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) and random forests. Results: Overall, 670 sparrows (30.2%) were infected with 22 Plasmodium lineages. In native populations, parasite prevalence was positively related to urbanization index, with the highest prevalence values in areas with intermediate urbanization levels. Likewise, in introduced populations, prevalence was positively associated with urbanization index; however, higher infection occurred in areas with either extreme high or low levels of urbanization. In introduced populations, the number of parasite lineages increased with altitude and with the years elapsed since the establishment of sparrows in a new locality. Here, after a decline in the number of parasite lineages in the first 30 years, an increase from 40 years onwards was detected. Main conclusions: Urbanization was related to parasite prevalence in both native and introduced bird populations. In invaded areas, altitude and time since bird introduction were related to the number of Plasmodium lineages found to be infecting sparrows.
Molecular characterization of haemosporidian and haemogregarine diversity in southwestern Iberian amphibians and reptiles
(2023-03) Parejo-Pulido, Daniel; Mora-Rubio, Carlos; Marzal, Alfonso; Magallanes, Sergio
The knowledge of the diversity and geographic distribution of parasite species is the first step towards understanding processes of global epidemiology and species conservation. Despite recent increases in research on haemosporidian and haemogregarine parasites of reptiles and amphibians, we still know little about their diversity and parasite-host interactions, especially in the Iberian Peninsula, where a few studies have been conducted. In this study, the haemosporidian and haemogregarine diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the parasites in southwestern Iberian amphibians and reptiles were assessed using PCR approaches on blood samples of 145 individuals from five amphibian and 13 reptile species. The amphibians did not present any of both groups of parasites studied. Regarding reptiles, five Hepatozoon, one Haemogregarina, and one Haemocystidum haplotypes were found infecting four different species, revealing new host records for these parasites. Among them, we found one new Haemocystidium haplotype and three new and a previously reported Hepatozoon haplotype from a north African snake. The latter finding suggests that some Hepatozoon parasites may not be host-specific and have large geographic ranges even crossing geographical barriers. These results increased the knowledge about the geographic distribution and the number of known host species of some reptile apicomplexan parasites, highlighting the great unexplored diversity of them in this region.
Avian malaria, haematocrit, and body condition in invasive wetland passerines settled in southwestern Spain
(2023-01) Muriel, Jaime; Garcia-Longoria, Luz; Magallanes, Sergio; Ortiz, Juan Antonio; Marzal, Alfonso
Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites can negatively impact fitness in many songbirds. Research on the malaria infection and its physiological costs on their avian hosts is heavily skewed toward native passerines, with exotic species underrepresented. However, introduced species may carry on and spread new pathogens to native species, and play a role on parasite transmission cycle in invaded bird communities as pathogen reservoir. Here, we molecularly assess the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in three introduced wetland passerines (the Red Avadavat Amandava amandava, the Yellow-crowned Bishop Euplectes afer, and the Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild) captured during the same season in southwestern Spain. We also explored the relation between parasite infection, body condition, haematocrit, and uropygial gland volume. We detected an overall parasite prevalence of 3.55%, where Common Waxbills showed higher prevalence (6.94%) than Red Avadavats (1.51%). None Yellow-crowned Bishops were infected with haemosporidians. Almost 60% of infections were caused by Leucocytozoon, and about 40% by Plasmodium. We identified four unique lineages of Plasmodium and three of Leucocytozoon. Moreover, 91% of the identified host–parasite interactions represented new host records for these haemosporidian parasites. Parasite infection was not related to body condition, haematocrit, and uropygial gland volume of the wetland passerines. Haematocrit values varied seasonally among bird species. Additionally, haematocrit was positively related to body condition in the Yellow-crowned Bishops, but not in the other species. Red Avadavats had higher haematocrit levels than Yellow-crowned Bishops, whereas Common Waxbills showed the lower haematocrit values. The uropygial gland volume was positively correlated with body condition in all bird species. Common Waxbills showed higher uropygial gland volumes related to their body size than birds from other two species. These outcomes highlight the importance of exotic invasive species in the transmission dynamics of haemosporidian parasites.
Level of Knowledge Regarding Mpox among Peruvian Physicians during the 2022 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study
(2023-01) Gonzales-Zamora, Jose A.; Soriano-Moreno, David R.; Soriano-Moreno, Anderson N.; Ponce-Rosas, Linda; Sangster-Carrasco, Lucero; De-Los-Rios-Pinto, Abraham; Benito-Vargas, Raysa M.; Murrieta-Ruiz, Valentina; Morocho-Alburqueque, Noelia; Caira-Chuquineyra, Brenda; Fernandez-Guzman, Daniel; Ccami-Bernal, Fabricio; Quispe-Vicuña, Carlos; Alarcon-Parra, Mariano; Pinedo Soria, Antony; Alave, Jorge
Introduction: Due to the high incidence of mpox in Peru and the poor knowledge about this disease among healthcare workers in non-endemic countries, it is crucial to determine the knowledge status of Peruvian physicians. Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study based on an online survey from August to September 2022. Physicians who had a medical license and lived and practiced medicine in Peru were included. To evaluate the factors associated with a higher level of knowledge, we used crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using Poisson regression. Results: We included 463 physicians. The mean age was 36.6 (SD: 10.3) years, and most were male (58.1%). Regarding knowledge, the median knowledge score was 14 [IQR: 13 to 15] out of 17 points. In terms of knowledge gaps, only 60.7% of the participants knew that there was an FDA-approved vaccine for mpox, 49.0% of participants knew about mpox proctitis and 33.3% acknowledged that it could be transmitted by the bite of an infected rodent. We found that taking care of patients with mpox (aPR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.72) was associated with higher knowledge (>p50), while living in the eastern macro-region (aPR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.93) was associated with lower knowledge (≤p50). Conclusions: Our study showed a high level of knowledge about mpox among Peruvian physicians. However, educational campaigns may be necessary, especially for physicians from the eastern region and those who do not have clinical experience with mpox.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Neural Networks and Their Impact on the Detection of Malicious Websites in Network Users
(2023-01) Gamboa-Cruzado, Javier; Briceño-Ochoa, Juan; Huaysara-Ancco, Marco; Alva Arévalo, Alberto; Ríos Vargas, Caleb; Aranguena Yllanes, Magaly
The large branches of Machine Learning represent an immense support for the detection of malicious websites, they can predict whether a URL is malicious or benign, leaving aside the cyber attacks that can generate for network users who are unaware of them. The objective of the research was to know the state of the art about Neural Networks and their impact for the Detection of malicious Websites in network users. For this purpose, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted from 2017 to 2021. The search identified 561 963 papers from different sources such as Taylor & Francis Online, IEEE Xplore, ARDI, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ACM Digital Library and Microsoft Academic. Of the papers only 82 were considered based on exclusion criteria formulated by the author. As a result of the SLR, studies focused on machine learning (ML), where it recommends the use of algorithms to have a better and efficient prediction of malicious websites. For the researchers, this review presents a mapping of the findings on the most used machine learning techniques for malicious website detection, which are essential for a study because they increase the accuracy of an algorithm. It also shows the main machine learning methodologies that are used in the research papers.
Altitude and Its Association with Low Birth Weight among Children of 151,873 Peruvian Women: A Pooled Analysis of a Nationally Representative Survey
(2023-01) Hernández Vásquez, Akram; Bartra Reátegui, Alicia; Vargas Fernández, Rodrigo
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the altitude of residence and the low birth weight (LBW) of the children of pregnant Peruvian women using a nationally representative database. An analysis of individual-level data from the last 13 years (from 2009 to 2021) of the Demographic and Family Health Survey was performed. The outcome variable was LBW, defined as birth weight less than 2500 g, while the independent variable was the altitude of residence in meters above sea level (masl). To estimate the association between the two variables, the crude and adjusted generalized linear model of the Poisson family with a log link was used along with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, which were estimated with their respective 95% confidence interval. A total of 151,873 women aged 15–49 years were included between 2009 and 2021. The pooled proportion of LBW was 7.0%. As the main finding, the children of mothers residing at an altitude from 2500 to 3499 masl and ≥3500 masl had a higher probability of LBW. It was found that the children of mothers residing at an altitude above 2500 masl were more likely to have LBW. Our results will help to strengthen the cultural practice of maternal health care and increase its coverage in women residing in high-altitude regions.
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on biological control of coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix BERK. & BROOME)
(2023-01) Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Arévalo, Luis; Cáceres, Benjamín; Solis, Reynaldo
Inoculating plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) protects host plants against biotic stressors such as diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the biological control of coffee leaf rust (CLR) infections. The research involved two varieties of coffee (Caturra and Pache) and three inocula of AMF: Moyobamba (Acaulospora mellea, Acaulospora sp.1, Glomus geosporum, Glomus sp.1, and Glomus sp.2), El Dorado (Acaulospora rugosa, Acaulospora spinosissima, Acaulospora lacunosa, Glomus sinuosum and Ambispora appendicula) and Huallaga (Acaulospora mellea, Acaulospora sp.1, Acaulospora sp.2, Glomus macrocarpum and Glomus sp.2), in addition to a control treatment without application of AMF (non-AMF). Inoculation of vegetatively propagated coffee plants with AMF was observed to induce tolerance to CLR. The incidence of CLR in non-AMF coffee plants was 43.7 %, while in the coffee plants subjected to the inocula Moyobamba, El Dorado and Huallaga, the incidences were 22.1, 22.7 and 13.2 %, respectively. Likewise, the severity in non-AMF coffee plants was 34.8 %, while in the coffee plants subjected to the three kinds of inocula, the severities were 21.1, 20.4 and 12.0 %, respectively. Thus, mycorrhizal inoculation of coffee plants at the nursery stage reduces the negative effect of CLR infection after the plants are taken to field conditions, representing a sustainable option for their biological control.
Populism in Peru: Populist attitudes and perception of the populist offer and its relationship with political cynicism and attitudes toward democracy
(2022-12) Espinosa, Agustin; Janos, Erika; Pacheco, Manuel; Juárez Díaz, Juan; Chaparro, Hernán
Populism is a phenomenon that is gaining attention in Political Psychology. The goal of the current study was to determine the relationship between populist attitudes, based on the populist demand and the perception of the populist offer, and several indices of political cynicism and attitudes toward democracy in Peru. To do this, a quantitative correlational study including 391 participants from diverse Peruvian locations was carried out. Both populist attitudes and critical perception of the populist offer are found to be directly related to Political Cynicism in its dimensions of Political Distrust, Political Hopelessness, and Political Moral Laxity, and inversely related to the dimension of Political System Change. Similarly, both dimensions of populism are directly related to Democratic Support and inversely related to Democratic Satisfaction. The findings support the notion that populist attitudes emerge in the context of distrust of the system and express an ambivalent relationship with democracy. Furthermore, the various approaches developed by the social sciences to address the populist phenomenon are discussed in terms of their strengths and limitations.
Density-Based Unsupervised Learning Algorithm to Categorize College Students into Dropout Risk Levels
(2022-11) Valles Coral, Miguel Angel; Salazar Ramírez, Luis; Injante Ore, Richard Enrique; Hernandez Torres, Edwin Augusto; Juárez Díaz, Juan; Navarro Cabrera, Jorge Raul; Pinedo Tuanama, Lloy Pool; Vidaurre Rojas, Pierre
Compliance with the basic conditions of quality in higher education implies the design of strategies to reduce student dropout, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the educational field have allowed directing, reinforcing, and consolidating the process of professional academic training. We propose an academic and emotional tracking model that uses data mining and machine learning to group university students according to their level of dropout risk. We worked with 670 students from a Peruvian public university, applied 5 valid and reliable psychological assessment questionnaires to them using a chatbot-based system, and then classified them using 3 density-based unsupervised learning algorithms, DBSCAN, K-Means, and HDBSCAN. The results showed that HDBSCAN was the most robust option, obtaining better validity levels in two of the three internal indices evaluated, where the performance of the Silhouette index was 0.6823, the performance of the Davies–Bouldin index was 0.6563, and the performance of the Calinski–Harabasz index was 369.6459. The best number of clusters produced by the internal indices was five. For the validation of external indices, with answers from mental health professionals, we obtained a high level of precision in the F-measure: 90.9%, purity: 94.5%, V-measure: 86.9%, and ARI: 86.5%, and this indicates the robustness of the proposed model that allows us to categorize university students into five levels according to the risk of dropping out.
Metagenomic analysis of the intestinal microbiome in goats on cactus and Salicornia-based diets
(2022-01) Fabián Domínguez, Fredy; Crisanto, Milly Edith Vega; Castro, Rosa Liliana Solís; Rojas, Lourdes Vásquez; Cuba, Vanessa Miluska Baylon; Santos, Gabriela Raquel Sucapuca; Salazar, Marcos Walter Sanjinez; Ramos, Carlos Alberto Luque; Mialhe, Eric
Background: The Peruvian coast is characterized by its arid and saline soils, the cactus being an alternative for arid soils and Salicornia for saline soils. Therefore, it is necessary to develop nutrition based on the intestinal microbiota in goats. Aim: To identify the intestinal microbiota in goats through a metagenomic analysis. Methods: In this study, goats and kids were randomly selected and fed cacti and Salicornia as potential forage species compared to native grass to study the changes in the microbiota using massive sequencing using the 16S rRNA gene as a marker. Results: The sequencing results showed the taxonomic levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level as the most abundant in creole goats’ microbiome, varying from 18% to 36% and 47% to 66%, respectively. At the genus level, variants of the genus Ruminococcaceae stand out, related to cellulose degradation, as the most dominant in all samples, followed by Christensenellaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Prevotellaceae. Also, the genus Akkermansia appeared in greater abundance in kids fed with cactus, being necessary for being related to the intestinal mucosa’s health and avoiding the adhesion of pathogens to the intestinal epithelium. Conclusion: These microbiota changes based on diets with high fiber content are necessary to understand the adaptation of this species to favorable dietary changes.
Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la tuberculosis en el Perú: ¿nos estamos olvidando de alguien?
(2022-01) Cardenas Escalante, Jhanella; Fernandez Saucedo, Jhacmilson; Cubas, Wildor Samir
La pandemia por COVID-19 viene generando una grave crisis en la salud pública de Perú y cuenta recientemente con una mortalidad aproximada del 9,4%, 2.043.262 casos confirmados y 191.447 defunciones. Estos datos reflejan la precaria situación sanitaria del país debido a los limitados centros hospitalarios, el desabastecimiento de materiales esenciales para la atención sanitaria, la mala implementación de laboratorios especializados y la disponibilidad reducida de camas hospitalarias, ventiladores mecánicos y personal de salud especializado. A esto se suma la carga sanitaria de enfermedades infectocontagiosas y cronificantes como la tuberculosis (TBC) y otras infecciones respiratorias que representan un 86,2 y un 86,6%, respectivamente, en anos ˜ de vida perdidos por muerte prematura.
Estudios globales sobre el cadmio en relación con Theobroma cacao: Un análisis bibliométrico desde Scopus (1996 -2020)
(2021-12) García, Ligia; Castro, Fabio Angulo; Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Vásquez, Javier Alburquerque; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Arellanos, Erick; Veneros, Jaris; Rojas B., Nilton B.; Quintana, Segundo Chavez; Oliva, Manuel
En el año 2014, la Unión Europea impuso estándares máximos de tolerancia en cadmio, para la importación de productos a base de cacao, causando preocupación en los países. Se analizó estudios globales referidos a investigaciones en Theobroma cacao, relacionados con la actividad del cadmio en la atmósfera. Se utilizaron análisis bibliométricos en los programas R y VOSviewer, para examinar 64 documentos publicados en la base de datos Scopus según palabras clave. Se identificaron 811 palabras clave en coocurrencias de términos, 5 grupos temáticos en acoplamiento bibliográfico, 20 instituciones como afiliaciones más importantes, 20 países de procedencia de autores corresponsales, 112 instituciones en red de coautoría de los cuales 5 están en documentos primarios, y dos grupos en similaridad temática en co-citación de documentos. Estados Unidos lidera la producción científica con 11 documentos, seguido de Colombia (8) y Ecuador (7). En 1996 se registró el primer artículo científico para la red, con incrementos de hasta 11 publicaciones al 2020. En conclusión, se evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer y crear más redes de investigaciones entre países, instituciones, autores y coautores. Se espera que los resultados permitan desentrañar de manera integral la trayectoria de investigaciones cadmio-cacao, al tiempo que arrojen nuevas investigaciones prospectivas.
Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in a high-altitude forest region of Peru
(2021-05) Lana, Justin T.; Mallipudi, Andrés; Ortiz, Ernesto J.; Arevalo, Jairo H.; Llanos Cuentas, Alejandro; Pan, William K.
Background: American cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease typically associated with men working in remote, sylvatic environments. We sought to identify CL risk factors in a highly deforested region where anecdotal reports suggested an atypical proportion of women and children were infected with CL raising concern among authorities that transmission was shifting towards domestic spaces and population centers. Methods: We describe the characteristics of CL patients from four participating clinics after digitizing up to 10 years of patient data from each clinic’s CL registries. We assessed risk factors of CL associated with intradomestic, peridomestic, or non-domestic transmission through a matched case-control study with 63 patients who had visited these same clinics for CL (cases) or other medical reasons (controls) between January 2014 and August 2016. The study consisted of an in-home interview of participants by a trained field worker using a standard questionnaire. Risk factors were identified using bivariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Results: Between 2007 and 2016, a total of 529 confirmed CL positives were recorded in the available CL registries. Children and working aged women made up 58.6% of the cases. Our final model suggests that the odds of sleeping in or very near an agricultural field were five times greater in cases than controls (p = 0.025). Survey data indicate that women, children, and men have similar propensities to both visit and sleep in or near agricultural fields. Conclusions: Women and children may be underappreciated as CL risk groups in agriculturally dependent regions. Despite the age-sex breakdown of clinical CL patients and high rates of deforestation occurring in the study area, transmission is mostly occurring outside of the largest population centers. Curbing transmission in non-domestic spaces may be limited to decreasing exposure to sandflies during the evening, nighttime, and early morning hours. Our paper serves as a cautionary tale for those relying solely on the demographic information obtained from clinic-based data to understand basic epidemiological trends of vector-borne infections.
Gradiente altitudinal y su influencia en las características edafoclimáticas de los bosques tropicales
(2021-12) Murga Orrillo, Hipolito; Coronado Jorge, Manuel Fernando; Abanto Rodríguez, Carlos; De Almeida Lobo, Francisco
Los gradientes altitudinales pueden generar límites ambientales, influyendo en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las especies vegetales. Se tuvo por objetivo identificar las variaciones edafoclimáticas en gradientes altitudinales y su influencia en los bosques tropicales. Se buscaron artículos de investigación con ámbito geográfico entre 27º N y 27º S de latitud, con influencia de gradientes altitudinales entre 0 m y 5000 m. Se sistematizó la información, organizándose en temáticas del clima, en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas del suelo, y en el comportamiento de las especies forestales. Se determinó que la temperatura media anual (TMA) disminuye conforme aumenta la altitud; y la precipitación anual (PA) presenta máximos pluviales en altitudes medias. Los valores del pH del suelo disminuyen hasta 3000 m, aumentando sobre esta altitud; sin embargo, la materia orgánica, carbono orgánico, carbono total (CT), nitrógeno total (NT) y la relación C/N del suelo aumentan hasta 3000 m; sobre esta altitud los valores disminuyen. El potasio (K), el calcio (Ca), el magnesio (Mg), el fierro (Fe), y el aluminio (Al) del suelo disminuyen con el aumento de la altitud por influencia de las bajas temperaturas y humedad del suelo (HS). La variación edafoclimática en los gradientes altitudinales interactúa con las especies forestales, afectando las respuestas fisiológicas, disminuyendo su crecimiento y altura con el aumento de la altitud; del mismo modo disminuye su densidad y diversidad con el aumento de la altitud. Las especies forestales de los trópicos prosperan en amplios o estrechos límites altitudinales y edafoclimáticos, por lo que identificar estos límites es fundamental no solo en términos ecológicos, sino también políticos y económicos, para diseñar políticas efectivas de uso de la tierra y de conservación.
Cover crop species and mycorrhizal colonization on soil phosphorus dynamics
(2021-09) Arruda, Bruna; Herrera, Wilfrand Ferney Bejarano; Rojas García, José Carlos; Turner, Cyan; Pavinato, Paulo Sergio
Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the physiological plant processes; however, in tropical soils, P is one of the most limiting nutrients for crop yield due to its low mobility, determined by the adsorption of this element to the soil. To enhance P-use and P-acquisition efficiency, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of cover crops and mycorrhizal colonization on changing soil P fractions, both organic and inorganic. A complete randomized block design was adopted in a field experiment, with four replications using four cover crops: i) pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); ii) crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea); iii) millet (Pennisetum glaucum); iv) brachiaria (Brachiaria ruziziensis) and v) fallow, as control. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization, the fungal spore density, soil P fractionation, and N, P, and K uptake were assessed. Our results show that cover crops affected the soil P cycling in deeper soil layers. Cover crops may increase arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum potential for the succeeding crop in rotation or intercropping, when used as a green manure.
Ocurrencia de Prostenorchis elegans en un mono tocón (Plecturocebus oenanthe) reinsertado en el bosque del Área de Cordillera Escalera, Región San Martin
(2021-06) Lopez Flores, Alicia Maria; Puicón Niño de Guzmán, Víctor Humberto; Fabián Domínguez, Fredy; Bustamante Quintana, Isaí Royser; García R., Rodrigo; Vecco - Giove, Carlos Daniel
Se reporta el caso de un mono tocón adulto, macho (Plecturocebus oenante) parasitado con Prosthenorchis elegans, fallecido a fines de diciembre de 2019, en un centro de custodia de fauna silvestre ubicado a orillas de la Quebrada Shilcayo, puerta de entrada del Área de Conservación Regional “Cordillera Escalera”, San Martín, Perú. El animal, en semi-cautividad, no presentó signos clínicos, pero se desplomó desde una altura de 5 m. A la necropsia, se evidenció exudado abdominal, perforación a nivel del intestino delgado, congestión de vasos sanguíneos y linfoadenopatía mesentérica, nodulaciones en pared intestinal y una severa infección de parásitos blanquecinos y redondos. Al examen coproparasitológico, se evidenciaron huevos característicos del género Prosthenorchis y al análisis del parásito adulto se observaron las ganchos craneales y estructuras características de la especie Prosthenorchis elegans, parásito encontrado en primates neotropicales. Se reporta este caso, no como un hallazgo accidental de necropsia, sino cuya causa de muerte fue a consecuencia de un shock séptico, consecuente de la peritonitis generalizada causado por una severa infección parasitaria de este acantocéfalo que generó una perforación a nivel intestinal.
Problematic internet use associated with symptomatic dry eye disease in medical students from Peru
(2021-10) Condori- Meza, I. Benjamin; Dávila-Cabanillas, L. Alessandra; Challapa-Mamani, Mabel R.; Pinedo Soria, Antony; Torres, Renato R.; Yalle, Joel; Rojas-Humpire, Ricardo; Huancahuire-Vega, Salomón
Purpose: Dry eye is a multifactorial ocular surface disease (DED) characterized by a loss of tear film homeostasis, which is widely associated with alterations in mental health. Problematic internet use (PIU) is defined as the feeling of concern about using this tool irresistibly, for longer periods than usual, accompanied by anguish that results from not doing so without reaching mania or hypomania behaviors. Both PIU and DED present a theoretical link; however, there are no published studies that report its relationship with problematic internet use. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between PIU and symptomatic DED in Peruvian medical students. Patients and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study that included human medical students from Peru. For the measurement of main variables, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) were used. To study their relationship, the Poisson regression analysis was used, we consider a p-value <0.05 as significant. Results: Data from 844 medical students were analyzed, 35.7% male and 64.3% female, with an average age of 21.8 ± 3.3 years. Likewise, the prevalence of symptomatic DED was 70.9%, and the internet’s controlled use was 85.3%. In the analysis adjusted for symptomatic DED, the men showed significant differences in the controlled use of the internet (p <0.003), of which those who had PIU, 50% had severe symptomatic DED, as well as 80% of those addicted to the internet. The adjusted model showed that the PIU increases the prevalence of symptomatic DED in men (PR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.29); however, in women, no association was found between both variables. Conclusion: PIU and symptomatic DED showed a significant association in male medical students from Peru.

Browse

Recent Submissions