Browsing by Author "Ríos Ruiz, Winston Franz"

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Caracterización genética de bacterias endofíticas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) con actividad antimicrobiana contra Burkholderia glumae
(2020-10) Valdez Nuñez, Renzo Alfredo; Ríos Ruiz, Winston Franz; Ormeño-Orrillo, Ernesto; Torres-Chávez, Edson E.; Torres Delgado, Jorge
El objetivo del presente estudio fue aislar y seleccionar bacterias endofíticas de arroz capaces de inhibir al fitopatógeno Burkholderia glumae THT, así como caracterizarlas por su genética y bioquímica. También se buscó caracterizar la diversidad genética y los factores de virulencia presentes en cepas de B. glumae y de Burkholderia gladioli, otro patógeno de arroz, aisladas de campo. Se colectaron plantas de arroz en 4 departamentos del norte de Perú, y tras la desinfección de tejidos se aislaron bacterias endofíticas por cultivo en agar soya tripticasa (30 °C; 48 h) y en medio selectivo (pH 4,5; 41 °C; 72 h). Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana frente a B. glumae THT, la producción de sideróforos y la resistencia a la toxoflavina, toxina producida por este agente. La identificación molecular se realizó mediante BOX-PCR y secuenciación del gen 16S ARNr. Además, se determinó la producción de enzimas extracelulares y se efectuaron ensayos de motilidad y sensibilidad/resistencia a bactericidas. Se aislaron 189 bacterias endofíticas, de las cuales solo 9 presentaron actividad antimicrobiana contra B. glumae THT, sobresaliendo Burkholderia vietnamiensis TUR04-01, B. vietnamiensis TUR04-03 y Bacillus aryabhattai AMH12-02. Estas cepas produjeron sideróforos y al menos el 55,5% fueron resistentes a la toxoflavina. Por otro lado, 17 de las cepas de B. glumae y B. gladioli aisladas se agruparon en 9 perfiles BOX-PCR, 16 de ellas presentaron similitud con B. glumae LMG2196T (100%) y una con B. gladioli NBRC13700T (99,86%). Hubo elevada diversidad de acuerdo al origen geográfico y se encontraron factores de virulencia. En conclusión, se hallaron cepas del género Bacillus y Burkholderia que podrían ser agentes de biocontrol contra B. glumae.
Microbiological indicators of tropical soils quality in ecosystems of the north-east area of Peru
(2019-07) Valdez Nuñez, Renzo Alfredo; Rojas García, José Carlos; Ríos Ruiz, Winston Franz
Tropical soils withstand heavy pressure due to deforestation as a result of the change in land use, decreasing their quality. Traditionally, the quality of soil has been based on physical and chemical indicators; however, the biological ones can predict variations in the quality, in an early and effective way. In this research, the microbiological quality of soils from two ecosystems was evaluated, one from the Cumbaza Sub-Basin (CSB) and the other from Degraded Pastures at Cuñumbuque (DPC), both in San Martín, Peru. The physicochemical characteristics were studied and the microbial populations of Total Bacteria (TB), Sporulated Bacteria (SB), Total Fungi (TF), Actinobacteria (ACT), and parameters of microbial activity such as Basal Respiration (BR), Microbial Biomass (MB), Metabolic Quotient (qCO2) and Microbial Quotient (qMIC). According to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the soils of the CSB had on average a lower biological quality compared to the DPC soils. The PCA discriminated that the microbial populations of TB, SB, ACT and MB represented effective microbiological indicators to evaluate the quality of the soils, in this respect the soils of Shapumba, Chontal, Aucaloma and Vista Alegre are degraded and require the application of new technologies and public policies for their recovery.
Mycotrophic capacity and diversity of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from degraded soils
(2019-04) Ríos Ruiz, Winston Franz; Barrios López, Lleny; Rojas García, José Carlos; Valdez Nuñez, Renzo Alfredo
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are organisms that form mutualistic associations with most plants, favoring their development, especially those located in degraded areas. In order to identify the different predominant native AMF morphotypes, and determine the percentage of colonization, and spore density in soils of the Cumbaza sub-basin in San Martin, Peru, soil samples were taken from degraded areas of Chirikyacu, Vista Alegre, El Chontal, San Antonio de Cumbaza, Aucaloma and Shapumba, and they were associated with 4 legumes cover crops among them, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea and Vigna unguiculata. A completely random design was used, considering 6 zones and 4 legumes with 3 replications. The results showed that the treatments with legumes had greater influence in the mycorrhizal colonization in comparison with the zones of study, being Vigna unguiculata the one that had greater colonization (75%). However, the number of spores was influenced mainly by the zones, where the Aucaloma treatment had the highest number (252 spores / 10 g of soil). Eleven native AMF morphotypes were identified, being those of the genus Acaulospora the most predominant.